{"id":7382,"date":"2021-06-03T16:36:56","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T08:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/?p=7382"},"modified":"2021-06-03T23:59:08","modified_gmt":"2021-06-03T15:59:08","slug":"china-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-population-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/china-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-population-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Its Three-Child Population Policy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure id=\"attachment_7384\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7384\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7384 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-1536x991.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800.jpg 1800w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/660;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7384 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800-1536x991.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/child-kevin-liang-unsplash-Jun2021-e1622708363800.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Credit: Photo by Kevin Liang on Unsplash)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>China\u2019s GHG emissions reached a new historical high in 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2019, China\u2019s GHG emissions reached 14.09 gigatons of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0equivalent (MMt CO<sub>2<\/sub>e), surpassing the total annual emissions of all developed countries combined (including all member states of the OECD and European Union) for the first time at <a name=\"_ftnref1\"><\/a>14,057 MMt CO<sub>2<\/sub>e, about 36 MMt CO<sub>2<\/sub>e short of China\u2019s total, a US-based environment-focused think tank, the <a href=\"https:\/\/rhg.com\/research\/chinas-emissions-surpass-developed-countries\/\">Rhodium Group<\/a>, reported on May 6, 2021.<\/p>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/rhg.com\/research\/chinas-emissions-surpass-developed-countries\/\">Rhodium Group\u2019s report<\/a>, China\u2019s share of the global GHG emissions total of 52 MMt CO<sub>2<\/sub>e in 2019 rose to 27%, far exceeding the second highest emitter \u2013 America, which contributed 11% of the global total in 2019 even though America is the largest single contributor of cumulative GHG emissions. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>While the global data for 2020 is not available yet, it can be expected that China\u2019s GHG emissions reached a new historical high in 2020, given that China\u2019s net GHG emissions grew around 1.7% whereas emissions from almost all other countries declined sharply in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Rhodium Group report.<\/p>\n<p><strong>China\u2019s targets for cutting GHG emissions may need to be refreshed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With the climate warming crisis driven by increasing GHG emissions, various countries are making commitments to reduce their emissions. On April 22, Earth Day 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/politics\/live-news\/biden-climate-change-summit-04-22-22\/index.html\">Biden<\/a> formally pledged, during the <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/politics\/live-news\/biden-climate-change-summit-04-22-22\/index.html\">Virtual International Climate Summit<\/a>, that America would cut its GHG emissions by 50-52% relative to 2005 levels by 2030, and that 100% of America\u2019s energy would be carbon-free\u00a0by 2035.<\/p>\n<p>During the 2021 Virtual International Climate Summit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/white-house-climate-summit-takeaways\/\">Japan<\/a> announced to raise its GHG emissions reduction target from earlier 26% to 46% by 2030 relative to 2013 levels; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/white-house-climate-summit-takeaways\/\">Canada<\/a> also agreed to cut its GHG emissions by 40-45% by 2030. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/white-house-climate-summit-takeaways\/\">European Union<\/a> declared, before the Virtual International Climate Summit, to cut GHG emissions by 55% by 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2050.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As the world&#8217;s largest ongoing emitter, China made no announcements during the climate summit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/04\/22\/climate\/chinas-leader-xi-jinping-promises-to-strictly-limit-coal.html\">New York Times<\/a> reported. China\u2019s president Xi Jinping just said to strictly control its coal consumption between 2026 and 2030, but Xi\u2019s announcement was short on specifics. China\u2019s overall targets \u2014 hitting peak GHG emissions by 2030 and getting carbon neutrality by 2060 \u2014 remained unchanged. It is not impossible that China\u2019s targets would defer achieving the United Nations\u2019 sustainability goals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>China\u2019s new population policy is in controversial \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>China\u2019s high GHG emissions may be partly attributed to its population size. On May 11, 2021, China <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-05-31\/china-to-allow-couples-to-have-three-children-to-boost-births\">announced<\/a> that its overall population rose to 1.412 billion in 2020, according to its 7<sup>th<\/sup> national census. This means that China\u2019s population is not only more than the estimated population in Africa (1.34 billion), in Americas (0.96 billion) or in Europe (0.75 billion), but also more than the total estimated population of all developed countries combined (1.345 billion including all members of the OECD and EU). However, China\u2019s land area (9.6 million sq km) is only a quarter (26.3%) of total land area of all developed countries combined (36.4 million sq km, including all OECD and EU member states). \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-7388 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/576;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-7388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.careourearth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-Comparison-Population-LandArea-3Jun2021.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>Although the China\u2019s census data showed a fertility rate of 1.3 children per woman in 2020 &#8211; the slowest population growth in decades, it is undoubtful that the population growth in China will continue to in the next few years, given its population structure. According to the prediction of the United Nations, China\u2019s population will peak in 2030 before declining. However, this prediction may be over-optimistic given the three-child policy announced by China this Monday (May 31, 2021). Overpopulation in China will have negative impacts on sustainable development.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, China&#8217;s state media has been increasingly arguing that the population may start to shrink in near future as population growth slips to slowest ever. China\u2019s government worries that shrinking population may undermine economic growth due to the inverted age structure with more old people than the young. In 2016, China ended a controversial one-child policy and allowed couples to have two children. This Monday, China further announced to allow married couples to have three children.<\/p>\n<p>So-called \u201cdemographic crisis\u201d may be exaggerated in China. Economic growth can be maintained or enhanced through other ways rather than population increase. Generally, the two-child policy is an ideal model for sustainable development. Overpopulation not only results in different environmental problems (e.g., air pollution, water shortage, etc.) but also generates numerous GHG emissions resulting in global warming crisis. Given its large amount of annul GHG emissions, China\u2019s new policy to encourage population growth may be in controversial as well. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":7384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[47,348],"tags":[262,473,89,108,67,474,476,477,475,196,478],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>China\u2019s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Its Three-Child Population Policy - 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